The doublestranded (ds)RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (Tnumber, capsid layers, or turrets) Members of this group include the rotaviruses, renowned globally as the commonest cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and The genomes of doublestranded (ds)RNA viruses are never exposed to the cytoplasm but are confined to and replicated from a specialized proteinbound compartment—the viral capsid We have used cryoelectron microscopy and threedimensional image reconstruction to study this compartment in the case of LA, a yeast virus whose capsid consists ofSolution structure of the SL1 RNA of the M1 doublestranded RNA virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae J S Yoo , H K Cheong , B J Lee , Y B Kim , and C Cheong Magnetic Resonance Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Taejon , Korea
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Double stranded rna virus structure- The majority of mycoviruses exhibit a doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) genome, which is diagnostic However, a few mycoviruses exhibit singlestranded RNA (ssRNA), doublestranded DNA (dsDNA), or singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes Based on the mode of replication and the type of genome, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has Double stranded RNA viruses replicate in the core capsid in the host cell cytoplasm and do depend as heavily on host polymerases as DNA viruses The genomes of Class III viruses may be segmented
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The 1 and 60subunit capsidsDespite the lack of sequence homology among the structural proteins of dsRNA viruses, they share a common 1subunit core, and it is thought that this stoichiometry and associated molecular architecture provide an optimal framework to accomplish the numerous activities related to RNA synthesis 12,37 The portal vertex proteins of dsDNA The RNA structures are potential targets for the development of drugs against the virus The results were published on 10 November as 'Breakthrough paper' in the journal Nucleic Acid ResearchOne or more of the four types of small doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) Trichomonas vaginalis viruses (TVV1 to 4, genus Trichomonasvirus, family Totiviridae) Each TVV encloses a nonsegmented genome within a singlelayered capsid and replicates entirely intracellularly, like many dsRNA viruses, and unlike those in the Reoviridae family
The Mumps virus has a helically symmetrical and tubeshaped nucleocapsid that contains a monopartite, or meaning it has a single molecule of nucleic acid, RNA genome and an RNAdirected RNA polymerase There are spikes on the envelope that contain two glycoproteins, a viral attachment protein, and fusion protein An M protein forms the structure that is under the Introduction Fungal viruses (mycoviruses) are widespread in a variety of fungal species Since their first discovery in cultivated mushrooms (Hollings, 1962), many mycoviruses have been found in numerous fungal speciesThey are classified into three groups based on the compositions of their genomes linear doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), linear positive and negativesense singlestranded RNA As a positivestrand RNA virus, SFV generates ample amounts of doublestranded (ds) RNA during its life cycle, and the production of dsRNA coincided with the activation of NLRP1 We therefore tested poly(IC), a synthetic dsRNA analog, and in vitro transcribed dsRNA molecules for inflammasome activation
Structure of the reovirus virion The doublestranded (ds)RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria ), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization ( Triangulation number, capsid layers, spikes, turrets, etc) The disease is caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV) a nonenveloped virus (a member of Reoviridae family) with a doublecapsid icosahedral particle and a doublestranded 10segmented (S1S10) RNA genomeHIV1 is a singlestranded RNA retrovirus that uses reverse transcriptase to create a doublestranded DNA copy of its genome which is integrated into the host human's genome prior to making mRNAs (Group VI) The genome structure system classifies both viruses as singlestranded RNA viruses with linear genomes
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IMPORTANCE Trichomonas vaginalis viruses (TVVs) are doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses that cohabitate in Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative pathogen of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide Featuring an unsegmented dsRNA genome encoding a single capsid shell protein (CSP), TVVs contrast with multisegmented dsRNA viruses,Viruses do not actually self propel they remain in the matrix and interact with only cells that have the right kind of receptors Viruses can also have a lipid layer that surrounds them, allowing them to be undergo endocytosis and be engulfed into the cell This is a spontaneous process on behalf of the virus Doubleshelled bacteriophage φ6 is a wellstudied model system used to understand assembly of dsRNA viruses Here the authors report a nearatomic resolution cryoEM structure of φ6 and propose
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2 days ago It's what's known as singlestranded RNA (ssRNA), and it can be found throughout the natural world Less common in nature is doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which has two strands and resembles theStructure calculations gave a precisely defined structure, with an average pairwise root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 128 A for the entire molecule, 057 A for the loop region (C8G14), and 046 A for the bulge region (G4G7, C15C17) Base stacking continues for three nucleotides on the 5' side of the loop TLR3 recognizes doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), a viral replication intermediate that is produced by positivestrand RNA viruses and DNA viruses, and signals to produce IFNβ and proinflammatory
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The icosahedral core of a doublestranded (ds) RNA virus hosts RNAdependent polymerase activity and provides the molecular machinery for RNA packaging The stringent requirements of dsRNA metabolism may explain the similarities observed in core architecture among a broad spectrum of dsRNA viruses, from the mammalian rotaviruses to the Pseudomonas bacteriophage φ6 Although the structure The double‐stranded RNA bacteriophage φ6 contains a nucleocapsid enclosed by a lipid envelope The nucleocapsid has an outer layer of protein P8 and a core consisting of the four proteins P1, P2, P4 and P7 These four proteins form the polyhedral structure which acts as the RNA packaging and polymerase complex Research catches doublestranded RNA virus in the act of transcription Researchers led by Hong Zhou (top left) found that the dsRNA virus uses proteins on its surface to sense its environment and
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Overview Doublestranded (ds) RNA viruses are a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (Tnumber, capsid layers, or turrets) Members of this group include the rotaviruses, renowned globally as the commonest cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and1 The base composition of a virus was found to be 11% A, 32% G, 18% U and 39% C It this a DNA or RNA virus?RNA viruses Class III dsRNA Doublestranded RNA viruses infect bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, such as the rotavirus that causes diarrheal illness in humans But cells do not utilize dsRNA in any of their processes and have systems in place to destroy any dsRNA found in the cell
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Doublestranded DNA and doublestranded RNA induce a common antiviral signaling pathway in human cells Guofeng Cheng , Jin Zhong , Josan Chung , Francis V Chisari Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences May 07, 104 (21) ;The herpes simplex virus host shutoff (vhs) RNase limits accumulation of double stranded RNA in infected cells Evidence for accelerated decay of duplex RNA Abstract The herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff (vhs) RNase destabilizes cellular and"The RNA to identify novel approaches for treatments and vaccine helicase RIGI has an essential function in doublestranded preparations directed against RNA viruses and beyond, in RNAinduced innate antiviral responses," Nature Immunol autoimmune diseases and cancers 102, 152
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Different types of RNA viruses differ remarkably in virion morphology and components Although all RNA viruses utilize RNA as their genetic material, their RNA genomes are also highly variable in structure and organization, including those segmented or nonsegmented, doublestranded or singlestranded (positive sense, negative sense or ambisense) RNA Viruses are furtherly subdivided into two classes on the basis of either Single Strand RNA Genome or Double Strand RNA Genome Doublestranded RNA virus These Viruses are such Viruses that contain Double Strand RNA Genome in CapsidDoublestranded (ds) RNA viruses are a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (Tnumber, capsid layers, or turrets)
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The doublestranded (ds)RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (Tnumber, capsid layers, or turrets) Here we report a unique capsnatching mechanism by which the yeast doublestranded RNA totivirus LA furnishes its transcript with a cap structure derived from mRNA Unlike influenza virus, LA transfers only m 7 Gp from the cap donor to the 5′ end of the viral transcript, thus preserving the 5′ α and βphosphates of the transcript inFigure 1021 (a) DNA is typically double stranded, whereas RNA is typically single stranded (b) Although it is single stranded, RNA can fold upon itself, with the folds stabilized by short areas of complementary base pairing within the molecule, forming a threedimensional structure
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RNA viruses mutate faster than DNA viruses, singlestranded viruses mutate faster than doublestrand virus, and genome size appears to correlate negatively with mutation rate Viral mutation rates are modulated at different levels, including polymerase fidelity, sequence context, template secondary structure, cellular microenvironmentIs it singlestranded or doublestranded?Individual viruses contain only a single type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA The DNA or RNA genome may be linear or circular, and singlestranded or doublestranded The structure of a bacterial, plant, and animal virus (a) Bacterial viruses, called bacteriophages, often have a complex structure
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ThreeDimensional Structure of a Protozoal DoubleStranded RNA Virus That Infects the Enteric Pathogen Giardia lamblia Mandy E W Janssen, aYuko Takagi,c* Kristin N Parent, * Giovanni Cardone,a Max L Nibert,c Timothy S Bakera,b DNA viruses are relatively rare in plants, compared to their RNA counterparts Like most viruses, the genomes of most single stranded DNA viruses are small, encoding only a few proteins, and are therefore dependent on host cell factors for replication Double stranded DNA viruses only infect lower species of plants, such as algae Duplex structure of doublestranded RNA provides stability against hydrolysis relative to singlestranded RNA Environ Sci Technol 21;55(12) doi /acsest1c This article has been republished from the following materials Note material may have been edited for length and content
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The virions of doublestranded RNA bacteriophages of the family Cystoviridae possess a triplelayered structure surrounding the trisegmented genome Genomecontaining doubleshelled nucleocapsids are formed by a selfassembly process that can be accomplished in vitro using purified proteins and RNA constituentsDoublestranded RNA Viruses Structure and Molecular Biology Edited by John T Patton Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD , USA Published January 08 Pages x 374 Hardback ISBN £159, $319 Published by Caister Academic Press wwwcaistercom The specialized ribonuclease Dicer initiates RNA interference by cleaving doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates into small fragments about 25 nucleotides in length In the crystal structure of an intact Dicer enzyme, the PAZ domain, a module that binds the end of dsRNA, is separated from the two catalytic ribonuclease III (RNase III) domains by a flat,
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Like many other viruses, SARSCoV2 is an RNA virus This means that, unlike in humans and other mammals, the genetic material for SARSCoV2 is encoded in ribonucleic acid (RNA) The viral RNA is sneaky its features cause the protein synthesis machinery in humans to mistake it for RNA produced by our own DNAThe presence of Uracil shows that it is RNA The base composition is unequal, so it must be single stranded 2 Which of these DNA fragments will have a higher melting temperature?RNA interference (RNAi) is a genetic regulatory system that functions to silence the activity of specific genes RNAi occurs naturally, through the production of nuclearencoded premicroRNA (premiRNA), and can be induced experimentally, using short segments of synthetic doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)
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Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegmented doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) virus infecting Giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human intestine and a major agent of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwideOf RNA viruses, or to make mRNA from RNA ‐RNA virus genomes encode novel RNA dependent RNA polymerases ‐Polymerases produce BOTH RNA genomes AND mRNA from RNA templates ‐The mRNA produced is readable by host ribosomes Seven viral families have viruses with dsRNA genomes Many dsRNA genomes are segmented Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)Doublestranded RNA viruses are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have doublestranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid The doublestranded genome is used to transcribe a positivestrand RNA by the viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase The positivestrand RNA may be used as messenger RNA which can be translated into viral proteins by the host cell's ribosomes The positivestrand RNA can also be replicated by the RdRp to create a new doublestranded viral genome Doublestranded RNA viruses
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The viral genome is a single or segmented, circular or linear molecule of nucleic acid functioning as the genetic material of the virus It can be singlestranded or doublestranded DNA or RNA (but almost never both), and codes for the synthesis of viral components and viral enzymes for replication It is also becoming recognized that viruses
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